Ruminant feed



United States Patent Ofiice Re. 24,707 Reissued Sept. 29, 1959 RUNIINANTFEED .BixGillis, Glenvi'ew, Ill .assignor to International Minerals8rCh'emical-Cnrporation, a corporation of New-York- No, Drawing,Original No. r 2,758,027, dated-August 7,

1956, Serial No. 278,959, March 27, 1952. Application-.fnrreissueJuly.3l, .1958, Serial No. 755,829

SCIaims. (Cl: 99 -2) Matter enclosed in heavybrackets [{Ifap'pears inthe patent bntiforrns no-qmrt of this reissue specificatidu'; matter:printedinitalics indi'catesthe additions made oby ='reissue.g

The present inventionrelates .to,,animalfood compositions Moreparticularly, it relates to the incorporation of certain end'liquorsfrom glutamic acid. production into animal food compositions.

Improved methods of beet sugar refining and. therecovery of fsubstancesseparablehflio'm .saccharate filtrates or concentrated Stelfejns,filtrates and havin additional commercial value, for example, as.sources of .glut'amio acid which is usedin themanufa'ciureof monosodiumglflt m'ate,;. have made it, desirable ,to determine the value of theendliquors from whichjthie glutamic acid has been re'co cred. Muchofthebeet pulpproducedinthis counttry is" combined with molasses and driedatthebeet sugar factories. This dried molasses-beet pulp isknown to be avaluable feed for cattle and sheep. In view of the similarity of some ofthe constituents of certain glutamic acid end liquorsto the non-sugarfra'ction of beet molasses, it was thought desirable to determinewhether certain end liquors fromrglutamic acid production are suitabletie-constituents for animal rations.

Glutamic acid is produced fromraw: materials,= such as animal andvegetable proteins, concentrated Stetfens filtrates and; the like, byhydrolyzing the glutamionaeid mother substances therein, andrecoveringglutamic acid from the resulting hydrolysate by crystallization at itsisoelectric point; that .is,-;a-pH of-between about 2.5 and about. 4.0,.prefcrah1y .about 3.2. Theend liquor from which. ;the,gl,utamict acid,.crystals ,have, been removed is a liquid and has an appearance somewhat,si milar ,to molasses. As used in the description and claims, the termend liquor" refers to liquors produced by hydrolyzing glutamic acidmother substances obtained from sugar beets and from which a portion ofthe glutamic acid has been removed.

It is an object of the instant invention to provide an animal foodcomposition containing end liquors from the production of glutamic acid.

It is a further object of the instant invention to provide an animalfood composition containing the end liquor from the production ofglutamic acid from concentnated Steflens filtrates.

It is a further object of the instant invention to provide abetaine-containing animal food composition.

It is a further object of the instant invention to provide an animalfood composition which is palatable and which is free of dust.

These and other objects of the instant invention will become moreapparent upon a fuller understanding of the invention as hereafterdescribed.

The instant invention is concerned with animal food compositionsprepared by incorporating end liquors from glutamic acid production fromraw materials, such as,

2;: concentrated Steffen sfiltrates'into'animal food rations andontogrou'ghages.

In an embodimentof the-instant invention; between about one-tenth poundand about twenty-five pounds "of glutamic acid end-1iquor is added toone'h'undred-pounds of animalfeed ration: A typical and liquor obtainedfrom glutamic acid production, for example, from concentratedSteffensfil't'rate, contains about 20% crude protein equivalentofwhichbetween about 10% andabout 15% is betaine, about 18% ash, about25% nonm'trogenous organic material, and about 36% moisture. This liquid'is'readily accepted by' animals, and inaddition to its nutritionalcontribution increases the palatability of-th'e final ration-andimproves the physical conditiorrof the final 'mixed'feed: Today, solventextracted seed meals are generally-used in animal foods and impart a drydusty consisteneytothe ration. In this connection. the hygroscopicnature of the end liquor is. an ladditional'asset when added .to the dryor dusty feeds because. it increases the moisture. content thereof,prevents dusting, and improves the consistency of thefinal feed product;

The instant product is useful for the feeding of cattle, sheep, dogs,poultry, and "other animals. In. the feeding ofjoa'ttle andlof'sheep ithas been discovered that the glutamic acid end 'liquorproducedfromconcentrated Steife'ns filtrate is substantially equal in feeding valueto either. cane molasses. or beet molasses. The end liquor is added tothe ration: in amounts of between about 021%". and about 25%" byweightof the feed.

The amountkof end liquor incorporated into anyration is azmatterpfchoice and is determined by the purpose for which, it is "employed; Forexample, as a source of betaine for poultry, between about ten poundsand about forty pounds of endli'quor per ton of'finish'ed ration may; beemployed. However, for chicks and. broiler rations, ,it is preferable toincorporate about twenty pounds of endli'q'uor per ton of finishedfeed;For cattle and sheep, between about-ten pounds and about twenty-fivepounds of end liquor per one hundred pounds of ration,preferably-betweenabout ten pounds and about fifteen poundsi ofendliquor per one hundred pounds ration are employed: It has also beendiscovered that when between about"l0% and about 20% by weight of endliquor is added; any carotene present in theration is stabilized, thatis, the rateof oxidation of carotene is retarded.

The end liquor can be added to any type of animal food. It can beincorporated into rations of liquids or into solids or mixtures ofliquids and solids. For example, end liquor is added to rations ofalfalfa, corn, hay, grains, silage, beet pulps, protein meals or anyother desired animal food.

When the end liquor is used in rations to improve the physicalcharacteristics of the feed for animals, that is, to increasepalatability and/or the consistency of the mixture, any quantity may beused depending upon the other ingredients involved, and their physicalproperties, and the physical properties of the final mixture desired.Any reasonable quantity used in the ration will not cause unfavorableresults. This liquid when added to dog foods greatly improves the appealof the final product.

The end liquor can be incorporated into feed mixtures and roughages byany conventional method used for incorporating liquids into suchmixtures. The end liquor can be poured directly into a batch of animalration, or it can become a part of a premix. In addition, almost anyliquid can be injected into any type of mixer under pressure with air.

In a specific embodiment of the instant invention, a mixture of Stefiensfiltrate end liquor and dried beet pulp is used as approximatelyone-third of the concentrate ration for fattening steers. The amount ofend liquor dried on the pulp is sufficient to furnish about 22% of thetotal solids of the mixture. Gain in weight by the steers which receivedthe end liquor withthe beet pulp in the ration is substantially the sameas the gain in weight of steers fed similar amounts of molasses and beetpulp rations. The high content of nitrogenous materials in this productis desirable when used in conjunction with beet pulp since the beet pulpitself is very low in protein. 7

The end liquor from which glutamic acid has been removed usually has apH of between about 2.5 and about 4.0 however, if desired, the endliquor can be neutralized with caustic soda. Liquors having a pH ofbetween about 2.5 and about 9.0 may be added to the animal ration].

As a specific example of the process, the following serves merely asillustration, and it is not intended that the scope of the invention belimited thereto.

EXAMPLE Hereford steers weighing approximately nine hundred seventy-fivepounds were fed a mixture of concentrated Steffens filtrate end liquormixed with beet pulp. The end liquor was mixed with beet pulp and driedwith the beet pulp. About one hundred pounds of the dried pulp mixturecontained the equivalent of about thirty-five pounds of the original endliquor. The end liquor had a pH of about 3.2 and analyzed approximatelyas follows: protein equivalent, 19.7%; non-nitrogenous organic material,25.8%; ash, 18.3%; total solids 63.8; moisture, 36.2%; and betaine(anhydrous), 12.0%.

The average daily ration contained about 5.4 parts of the glutamic acidend liquor, 11.3 parts of ground corn, 0.9 part of soybean meal, 3.5parts of alfalfa, 8.7 parts of corn silage and about 0.03 part of salt.The animals were allowed to consume as much of the ration as desireddurin the experimental period which lasted six months. The cattleconsumed daily an average of about one and nine-tenths pounds of endliquor on a wet basis or one and two-tenths pounds of dry matter fromthe end liquor. The average daily gain in weight was about two andfive-tenths pounds.

[The end liquor from wheat gluten hydrolysates from which glutamic acidhas been recovered may also be incorporated into animal feed rations.This end liquor has an analysis approximately as follows: protein, 45%;sfidilllil chloride, 10%; total solids, 55%; amino solids 40%.

Having thus fully described the character of the instant 5 inventionwhat is desired to be protected by Letters Patent is:

l. A ruminant feed composition comprisin a ruminant feed rationcontaining between about 0.1% and about 25.0% by weight of an end liquorproduced by hydrolyzing glutamic acid mother substances obtained 5 fromsugar beets and from which a portion of the glutamic acid has beenremoved, said end liquor having a pH between about 2.5 and about 4.0.

2. A cattle feed composition comprising a cattle feed ration containingbetween about 0.1% and about 25.0% by weight of an end liquor producedby hydrolyzing glutamic acid mother substances obtained from sugar beetsand from which a portion of the glutamic acid has been removed, said endliquor having a pH between about 2.5 and about 4.0.

3. A feed composition as in claim 2 wherein the glutamic acid mothersubstance is Stetfens filtrate.

4. A feed composition as in claim 3 wherein the end liquor is present inan amount between about and about by weight.

5. A sheep feed composition comprising a sheep feed ration containingbetween about 0.1% and about 25.0% by weight of an end liquor producedby hydrolyzing glutamic acid mother substances obtained from sugar beetsand from which a portion of the glutamic acid has been 25 removed, saidend liquor having a pH between about 2.5

and about 4.0.

6. A feed composition as in claim 5 wherein the glutamic acid mothersubstance is Steffen's filtrate.

7. A feed composition as in claim 6 wherein the end liquor is present inan amount between about l0%'and References Cited in the file of thispatent or the original patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,217,711 ShappirioOct. 15, 1940 2,344,229 Block et a1 Mar. 14, 1944 2,535,117 Bennett Dec.26, 1950 2,566,549 Beckwith et a1. Sept. 4', '1951 2,589,287 Ryan et a1.Mar. 18, 1952 OTHER REFERENCES Schmidt: Chemistry of Amino Acids andProteins (1938), Charles C. Thomas, published Springfield, 111., pp.242-243.

